In French and a few other European languages the equivalent term, joaillerie, may also cover decorated metalwork in precious metal such as objets d'art and church items, not just objects worn on the person.Ī gold, diamonds and sapphires red guilloché enamel " Boule de Genève", a type of pendant watch used as an accessory for women. Both are used in Canadian English, though jewellery prevails by a two to one margin. In British English, Indian English, New Zealand English, Hiberno-English, Australian English, and South African English it is spelled jewellery, while the spelling is jewelry in American English. The word jewellery itself is derived from the word jewel, which was anglicised from the Old French " jouel", and beyond that, to the Latin word " jocale", meaning plaything. In modern European culture the amount worn by adult males is relatively low compared with other cultures and other periods in European culture. Jewellery has been made to adorn nearly every body part, from hairpins to toe rings, and even genital jewellery. In most cultures jewellery can be understood as a status symbol, for its material properties, its patterns, or for meaningful symbols. Gemstones and similar materials such as amber and coral, precious metals, beads, and shells have been widely used, and enamel has often been important. ![]() Jewellery may be made from a wide range of materials. The basic forms of jewellery vary between cultures but are often extremely long-lived in European cultures the most common forms of jewellery listed above have persisted since ancient times, while other forms such as adornments for the nose or ankle, important in other cultures, are much less common. Jewellery is one of the oldest types of archaeological artefact – with 100,000-year-old beads made from Nassarius shells thought to be the oldest known jewellery. For many centuries metal such as gold often combined with gemstones, has been the normal material for jewellery, but other materials such as glass, shells and other plant materials may be used. From a western perspective, the term is restricted to durable ornaments, excluding flowers for example. Jewellery may be attached to the body or the clothes. Jewellery ( Commonwealth English) or jewelry ( American English) consists of decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, pendants, bracelets, and cufflinks. These jewelry finishes change the color of the jewelry, instead of the texture.Various examples of jewellery throughout history It's not a very common finish, but it can create an interesting visual effect that can offset stones or other detailing nicely. Similar to a hammered finish, the stipple finish involves tapping heavily away at the metal with a special hammer tool until there are “pockmarks” in the item. He can either polish down the item more to make the hammered effect more subtle, or give it a quick buff to preserve the sharper details of a freshly hammered finish. Once the hammering is finished, the jeweler polishes the piece. It's important that the hammer is properly polished- a dull tool will create undesirable marks on the jewelry. The jeweler first brings the metal to a high polish to ensure evenness all around the item, and then taps away with a polished hammer of the appropriate size. It's exactly how it sounds- a hammered finish is a type of finish created by hammering all around the metal. ![]() Some jewelers and artisans separate the finish into two categories satin and brushed.Ī hammered 22k gold ring made by Nancy Troske ![]() The aluminum oxide is a fine abrasive that wears down the surface of the item, creating the matte finish. The jeweler places the item into a sandblasting machine, which directs a stream of high-pressure air containing aluminum oxide towards the piece of jewelry. Sandblasting is also another way to create a matte finish. The jeweler may also use a rotary tool, which is a mini-motor that can whir a bur at high speed, creating a smaller version of the polishing wheel for fine detailing. This type of finish requires some specialized equipment, such as specific polishing wheels and polishing papers that contain aluminum oxide. Matte finishing is a type of finish that gives the metal a sleek, organic look. The material on the wheel, combined with a machine that whirs the wheel at a high speed, removes any rough or blurry spots on the metal. A polisher simply uses his polishing wheel to buff the item to a bright shine.
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